Superman Vs The Hulk

One of the most popular crossover battles is with Superman and The Hulk. It’s common that this fight is based solely on favoritism instead of the physical facts which determines the winner. Primarily, both character could be evenly matched when it comes to strength, durability and longevity to a certain degree. Both characters have evolved in power since their origins but who is really the strongest?

Superman has greater speed than The Hulk, along with his additional powers of flight, heat vision and super breath. These powers are manifested by Superman’s cells absorbing yellow sunlight. If Superman were to take this battle into the air or space, the battle would be in favor to Superman. The Hulk’s momentum can only produce results if he is grounded. Superman is vulnerable to kryptonite and magic but in this fight, neither would be available at The Hulk’s disposal.

The Hulk’s strength is produced through his uncontrollable rage, which is due to Bruce Banner exposure to gamma radiation. The more he gets angry the stronger he becomes. Despite not being able to fly, have x-ray or heat vision, the Hulk’s adaptable durability allows him to withstand these powers that Superman may use against him. Superman’s super speed and strength combined would throw Hulk in a blind rage, for fighting a strong and quicker opponent would frustrate and anger him. The Hulk is most vulnerable when he is in the state of Bruce Banner, where Superman and Clark Kent is one in the same….

Over the years, both characters have evolved to different levels of power which respectfully makes both characters the top of their class in the Marvel and DC Universe. When heroes battle each other, it’s a test of strength and honor not winner or loser in most cases. Since this crossover battle is so popular among comic fans, how come Marvel and DC haven’t created a film adaptation of the comic? Until that time and thanks to Michael Habjan, comic fans can get an excellent perspective of how such a battle could happen….




Comic Multiverse fan favorite artwork of Superman vs Hulk goes to the DeviantArt artist fkaleo. Excellent piece of work! Definitely a classic crossover battle!

Iron Man vs Batman

 

The showdown between Batman and Iron Man is a popular topic among comic fans. Both Bruce Wayne and Tony Stark are leaders in their own worlds as businessmen and fearless warriors as heroes. But which character reigns supreme? Let’s start with the comparison of both companies: Wayne Enterprises and Stark Industries. Not only are both companies’ giants in the technology and weapon industries, but Wayne Enterprises also has monopolies in agriculture, media and commodities. Having influence on the economic flow throughout the world creates astonishing wealth for Bruce Wayne. With his technology and resources, Bruce Wayne has created the Watchtower for the Justice League. With this, Wayne Tech has more in common with the Star Trek technology than the fantasy Enterprise Space Armor concept for Iron Man…

As heroes, both have created suits and tech to help them with crime fighting. Both characters have many villains that range from universal, supernatural and domestic levels.  Which man do you think can take on both hero personas effectively? Is it Tony Stark or Bruce Wayne? What if Bruce Wayne used The Bleeding Edge Armor concept for himself? How convenient it would be for Bruce Wayne to shift into his batsuit like Tony Stark, Black Panther and even Superman. Tony Stark’s R.T Tech has enhanced his body, making Tony superhuman. This would also be a great addition to Bruce if he were to use it help aid him as Batman. But ask yourself this: has the batsuit become similar to the Iron Man armors with the Batwing Armor? Isn’t Wayne’s tech not too far from Tony’s potential?

In cinema, both characters made big production in sales, with Batman in the lead. This is because Batman has been on the movie screen since 1989. Fans prefer the Christian Bale Batman over the others mainly because of the vision from Christopher Nolan. Was Robert Downey Jr an excellent choice for Iron Man? How exciting would it be to have a live action sequence of these two characters at their full potential…. 

In the film Avenger: Infinity War, was the Russo Brothers paying homage to the battle between Batman and Iron Man in this scene with Thanos? If Batman could somehow send a flock of bats at Iron Man like this, what could Tony do to outwit the Dark Knight? Both Iron Man and Batman has experienced greater power in their own universes with the Infinity Gauntlet and the Lantern Power Rings. As powerful as the Infinity Gauntlet is, would the combination of the white, green and yellow power ring be enough for Batman to take on Iron Man? With the use of universal power, who do you think is the best wielder of cosmic power as a mortal? Comic Multiverse fan favorite artwork of Iron Man vs Batman goes to the DeviantArt artist DeemonProductions!

 

Superman Vs Goku

There are many forums and portraits conveying the huge debate on who would win in a battle between Goku and Superman. There is good reason to match these characters up because of their similarities and huge differences, differences that already determines the winner. Both characters arrive on Earth as babies, survivors of an extinct race, have powers that rival their companions and considered great leaders, to all heroes and Earth citizens alike.

Superman is a kryptonian, whose powers can only manifest in the presence of a yellow sun. Super speed, flight, x-ray and heat vision to name a few. On Krypton, superpowers cannot manifest because of the red sun which the planet orbits, leaving the Kryptonian race as normal beings. Superman spent most of his younger years living and molding to human way of life while adjusting to his Kryptonian powers. Superman later learned combat training from when he decided to become a hero for Earth. Over the years, Superman’s powers have developed greatly, for instance, leaping tall building in a single bound to flying around the sun at close proximity without being harmed.

Goku a martial artist who has trained his whole life in the arts. This gives him the advantage of an organized fighting style, a style he constantly and consistently trains to stay an excellent fighter. Training in the arts allowed Goku to learn Ki manipulation, an ability which grants the user flight, super speed, and destructive energy attacks strong enough to destroy planets and solar systems. With the heritage of the saiyans, Goku can transform his physiology into a stronger and faster forms. His latest form is Ultra Instinct, a form that can’t be accessed easily, only in the threat of immediate danger with no defense….

Goku’s fight experience and constant training would ultimately bring this battle to his advantage each time. Since both characters are heroes and leaders of super teams, Goku and Superman wouldn’t present much of a battle, but more of a test among each other. What if…. Goku trained Superman inside the Hyperbolic Time Chamber, teaching him to discover and control his Ki? This would be an addition to his Kryptonian powers. Just imagine what Superman could learn from Goku….

Based upon what we have seen in their TV series, who do you think will be the victor in such a battle?

Comic Multiverse fan favorite artwork of Superman Vs Goku goes to DeviantArt artist, codename: mikemaluk. Excellent work!

Spawn vs Ghost Rider

Spawn and Ghost Rider is among many popular crossover topics within the comic community, mainly because of their similarities. Both characters wield supernatural powers originating from Hell through a pact with the Devil(Mephisto/ Malebolgia). Later through trial and error of their ways, both characters broke free from their hellish influence and used Hell’s power to free their own souls. They have major differences that determine the outcome of such a battle. Let’s dig in…

Al Simmons was recruited to become the general of Hell’s Army. As general, his power would come second to his master Malebolgia. Spawn’s supernatural powers stem from his symbiotic armor. The armor is a living organism which is infused in Al Simmons’s nervous system, allowing him to control the symbiotic armor with his thoughts, conscious or unconscious. The armor is filled with necroplasm, which has a functioning concept like Green Power Ring. The armor responds and morphs to the will and imagination of Al Simmons. On Earth, Spawn’s magical powers are in limited supply, so his symbiotic armor feeds off evil or dark energy. The bigger the source, the more power it can consume and use without depleting its own power reserves. Battling Ghost Rider would be perfect for Spawn because Ghost Rider’s powers and abilities are supernatural and evil in origin. This battle would keep Spawn fully powered enough to use his magical abilities at maximum potential.

Johnny Blaze was destined to become agent of evil as the Ghost Rider. The Rider’s existence becomes possible from the union between Johnny Blaze and Zarathos. Zarathos is a demonic being in servitude to Mephisto as Violator is with Malebogia. This union is also similar to the Phoenix Force bonding with Jean Grey thus creating Phoenix and Dark Phoenix. Johnny Blaze can revert back and forth as the Ghost Rider at will, when before, was in the presence of evil. With demonic power at his disposal, Ghost Rider can control the mystical fire of Hell, which he channels through weapons or vehicles, making them supernaturally more powerful than before. Seemingly with no limit to his power, Ghost Rider is considered one of the most powerful beings in the Marvel Universe.

Ultimately this battle comes down to the men who are hosts to the power, Al Simmons and Johnny Blaze. Al Simmons’s training and service to his country made him an excellent assassin. Johnny Blaze is a stunt performer, where his mental focus is on surviving death-defying feats than any physical combat training. Spawn has evolved to his higher form, Omega Spawn. This results in unlimited power on both the mortal and immortal planes, making himself third in power next to the power of Heaven and Hell. Ghost Rider is considered one of most powerful in his universe, but his god like potential is not fully realize because of the combat mentality of his mortal host. Would Ghost Rider stand a better chance against Omega Spawn when united with the Venom symbiote and the Red Hulk, or will he fall just as hard under the might of Omega Spawn??

Comic Multiverse Fan Favorite artwork of Spawn and Ghost Rider goes to DeviantArt artist Jimbo02Salgado. Excellent Artwork!

Along with the colorist who brought the picture alive: tas1138

Comic Multiverse next favorite artwork of Spawn Vs GhostRider goes to DeviantArt artist: sia1965pak. Excellent work!

Enterprise Space Armor

What if… Tony Stark’s technology crossed into the Star Trek Universe?! The advanced technology of Star Trek would be wonders for Tony Stark. He could develop his armors even further equipping them with stellar navigation or even combine Star Fleet’s warp core technology with his arc reactor tech. With this, the Stark armor could survive deep space and even achieve warp speeds. This would allow Iron Man to travel alongside the likes of Silver Surfer or Green Lantern with ease.Tony Stark could supply the Federation with the blueprint plans for advanced armored suits. The Federation could use Tony’s armors for planetary exploration or a non-detectable advantage over enemies in war. Would you agree that if such armored suits were created for the Federation, the space jump in the 2009– and 2013-Star Trek films be much cooler? Let’s imagine…

Not only could Tony Stark use the Star Fleet’s technology for his armored suits, but he could also enhance S.H.I.E.L.D. For example, The Helicarrier  could be equipped much like the USS Enterprise. The Helicarrier could run on anti-matter propulsion engines, equipped with transporters on board, deflector shields and advanced weaponry. Both universes could benefit each other greatly with Tony Stark’s brilliance. Could you imagine such technology crossed over between the two universes, how they can go hand in hand with one another?

 

Superman Vs. Batman

Superman vs Batman has always been a hot topic among comic fans for a long time. Because of their popularity, both characters are involved with many crossover battles against foes with similar abilities. Since Batman and Superman are both heroes, a continual battle between the two characters could not exist. Seemingly enough, the only reason for confrontation between Batman and Superman is for dominate leadership over what it means to be a hero.

Many fans favor Batman because of his dedication to his crime fighting career. Bruce’s determination on becoming the greatest crime fighter he can be, pushed him beyond his physical limits. Wayne’s technology and resources also gives Batman an advantage over Superman / Clark Kent. Batman’s mastery of fear allows him to take on opponents more powerful than himself even if it means certain death. Superman has even considered Batman to be the world’s most dangerous man…Superman is also a favorite among comic fans because he is one of the most powerful characters in DC Comics history. His superpowers allow him to take on most opponents with little effort. Flight, super speed, invulnerability, longevity, prominent abilities anyone would love to have. Even though Superman is an alien from another world, his values and morals are that of a good human on Earth. Such great values and morals motivate Superman to use his powers for the good of the people. His normal persona as Clark Kent allows him to live a life as a reporter, keeping him grounded to world issues, thus helping him become a better world hero.Batman and Superman have many publications where they would battle. Finally, the two characters are featured in the same, live action film: Batman vs Superman: Dawn of Justice. This is Zack Synder‘s take on the battle between the two icons. Who do you think would ultimately win between Superman and Batman?

Fan favorite artwork of Batman vs Superman goes to the Deviantart artist: Leork-Dream!

 

Red Lantern Corps: Dark Phoenix

What if…….Atrocitus was able to recruit the Dark Phoenix to his Red Lantern Corps?! The Phoenix Force is an entity described as the child of the universe, free-spirited and dangerous if not properly controlled or guided on the right path. With this power, Atrocitus could be on the same power levels as the White and Black Lantern Corps

Atrocitus believes he could attract the Phoenix Force to his will by releasing The Butcher.  An older entity could train the younger entity on how powerful an emotion like rage is. This is a similar method Atrocitus learned from observing Sith Lords before recruiting them. To achieve his plan, Atrocitus traveled to the time period in the Marvel Universe right after Dark Phoenix consumed a star, killing billions of people in the process. The destruction left in the aftermath fascinated Atrocitus, believing that such devastation could empower his Lantern Corps greatly. Atrocitus intercepted the Phoenix in space flight, releasing the Butcher from the Red Power Battery. The two entities clashed in a cosmic spectacle, becoming familiar with each other, learning and adapting to one another.

As the two entities dance in a cosmic showcase, Jean Grey’s body hovers in space, waiting for the Phoenix Force to return to its host.  Atrocitus used this time to slip the Red Power Ring onto Jean’s finger, sealing the bond between the two entities. Doing this, Atrocitus believed if he can’t have direct control over the Phoenix Force, he could at least have control over its host.

Sensing bondage, the Phoenix Force lashed wildly like an animal being caged. Anger and rage began to grow rapidly in the entity as it struggled. The energy given off by the Phoenix Force was so tremendous, its power funneled down to each power ring of the Red Lantern Corps. Members of the Red Lantern Corps no longer had the weakness of blind rage, now that it was consumed by the Phoenix Force. In exchange, each member developed mental clarity strong enough to create the most powerful constructs among all the other Lantern Corps. The Phoenix Force also grants members immortality, as long as the Phoenix Force remains confined in the Red Power Battery.

Also, there is no longer the need to charge the power ring, for the Phoenix Force keeps the rings charged indefinitely. When realizing that rage is just one of many emotions of the Spectrum, The Phoenix Force gained a curiosity for the other Lantern Corps and vowed to conquer them all. With the power of two cosmic entities, can the Red Lantern Corps be stopped in their quest for domination of the Universe?

Loki vs Dr. Doom

The Asgardian Frost Giant Prince vs The Ruler of Latveria is a topic of speculation among comic fans. These two villains are matched up because first they both have a desire to obtain rulership of Asgard and the power it contains. Dr. Doom is looked like the supreme mortal who can outwit and obtain powers from cosmic beings or sources. Loki is a lower-level god who is only successful in dominating beings who are mentally and physically weaker than himself. In this case, the bridge between Loki and Dr. Doom is relatively small….

Dr. Doom’s greatest power is his mind. Since his youth, he desired to acquire knowledge and power for himself, and he succeeded. Dr. Doom is considered to be one of the most powerful minds in the Marvel Universe. As such, he can create any device needed to give himself the upper hand in any situation, even to rival the technical genius of Batman, Iron Man and Reed Richards. Throughout the comics, Dr. Doom’s taste for power has been taken to extraordinary heights: becoming wielder of the Infinity Gauntlets and taking on cosmos powers such as Galactus and Silver Surfer. Dr. Doom’s downfall lies with attaining too much power. His arrogance blinds him creating more setbacks than failures.Loki is also known to have a genius level intellect as well as being a master sorcerer in his realm of Asgard. Since Loki is of Asgard and The Frost Giants, he is physically superior to Dr. Doom. Loki has a desire to acquire more power like Dr. Doom, but his child like manner wouldn’t allow him to have a defined purpose for his power other than challenging his half-brother Thor. This results in his defeat and punishment by his father Odin. Loki’s arrogance as a higher being blinds the fact that mere mortals could beat him at his own game every time.

In this battle, Loki is more than likely to underestimate the power of Dr. Doom because he is mortal. Dr. Doom is a strategist and mentally would dominate Loki. If need be, could take over the body Loki, if physically beaten. With the battle history of the two villains, you would likely find a DoomBot in battle than the real Doom. Loki more than likely control a being such as the Destroyer to fight the battle for him or even the Hulk. Who do you think would win in such a battle?

Comic/Reality Crossover

Powers and abilities of heroes and villains has evolved to greater heights since their origins. This happens through time, when new writers bring fresh ideas to character development. Crossover topics became popular among comic fans, making readers wonder which character would rank at the top of his or her class. Live action crossover films or animations like Michael Habjan’s Superman vs Hulk are exciting short films comic fans would love to see all the time. This could be the reason Marvel has announced they will release the What If….TV series, further satisfying comic fans need for the many possibilities a story could have. Comic fans have speculated and debated on who the strongest heroes are and the most destructive villains throughout all the comic book universes. What creates these crossover scenarios is the focus on the powers and abilities of the characters and then how their strengths and weaknesses compare to each other. Comic crossovers has been created through many publications such as the Crossover Classics, Spawn vs Batman , SpiderMan and Batman and the Amalgam Age of Comics.

Let’s think about our own reality. The characters we know are all ideas from creative writers. With so much history of these unique characters, comics fans and even the creators fantasized on if supernatural powers could be real. But think, do humans have the hidden potential that has yet to be discovered? Stephen Hawking Universe gives us a perspective on our place in the universe and the awareness that infinite worlds exist in cosmos. The idea that the solar system is a huge model of how an atom functions, creates the belief that the solar systems of the universe could be the atoms to a greater being….

Astronomers have sent out radio signals throughout our space exploration history, in search of intelligence. This was the inspiration for films such as Contact. Scientific studies have shown that the brain is a transmitter and receiver of vibrational frequencies like a radio, but much more powerful than any on our planet. Now think for a moment, what if the ideas of comic writers are in fact mental transmissions from other worlds in the universe that contains such characters and cosmic beings?

Let’s look sci-fi films. Do you believe there are movies that hint some truths about the universe and our hidden potentials? In the film The LawnMower Man, the character Jobe explains that the unnaturally phenomenon such as telekinesis, isn’t new but a dormant natural function of man.

Humans are known to use approximately 10%-15% brain power. What will happen if we could use 100% in our daily lives, pushing the brain’s alpha waves to the maximum? Will we then become our original design? The human body has evolved and still evolving through each generation. Take this news clip of a boy who can see in the dark.

Haven’t we seen this before with Riddick? When you ask most people on Earth who created humans, they would answer by saying God. Is that the truth, or is that a myth told throughout time to hide who really designed our biological machines we call the human body?

Is it human evolution or self-realization? Do we have the dormant genetic codes that could produce feats of power some would consider unnatural like the world of the X-Men, or even portrayed in the popular TV Series Heroes? What are the true limits of our humanity?

Has human’ true potential been mentally locked away through the years of developing social structure such as religion, governments, and rationalization? What if the Matrix trilogy is explaining how to break such mental control on how we view our reality, from a worldly to universal standpoint? Just imagine if everyone on Earth could use 100% of their mental and physical potential. Immortality could be very possible, and the world order would never be the same. Instead of waging war over resources and power, we must come to realize that we are one race of beings among billions of life forms, intelligent and unintelligent throughout the universe. How are we to protect ourselves against natural or unnatural universal catastrophes when we are busy dominating each other? For example, movies such as Knowing and 2012 display natural occurrences that happen throughout the cosmos on planetary systems. This natural occurrence would be described as the planet cleansing itself. Or movies such as Independence Day and Battleship which display intelligent life forms in the universe that may or may not come to Earth in peace. What real defense do we have against forces like these?

Comics books is another avenue that fills the void of such possibilities. Heroes are created with special gifts, natural or artificial that help defend against forces outside of human comprehension, till the day we learn to free our minds….

Red Lantern Sith Lords

 

What if….Atrocitus summoned powerful Sith Lords to join his Red Lantern Corps?! Officers of the Red Lantern Corps mindlessly behave with blind rage under the Red Power Ring. The Sith are trained to use Force Rage to make them strong in the dark side. With this ability, being consciously overtaken by the red ring would have no effect on the Sith. Instead, the ring would amplify their Force abilities and allow them to create red energy constructs unlike the other Corps members. Knowing the betrayal nature of the Sith, Atrocitus programmed their rings to self-destruct in a nuclear explosion, killing the user and any made followers if any attempts on his life were made. Their power rings would also immobilize the Sith if they were to battle one another for any reason. This would keep them in a functional unit among themselves, loyal only to the Corps. With this set-in place, Atrocitus started his quest to enlist Darth Vader, Darth Maul and Darth Malgus to his troops, believing them to be the strongest of the Sith. Artocitus sent power rings to the various points in time where the Sith were in their most rageful moments.

Darth Vader Darth Is Sleepy GIF - Darth Vader Darth Is Sleepy Darth - Discover & Share GIFs

Darth Vader was converted to the Red Lantern Corps by Atrocitus first, preventing any disruption in the Star Wars timeline where the remaining Sith could be obtained. Atrocitus sent the Red Power Ring to Vader after he was placed into his armor and then learning his wife perished by his own hands. Grief stricken, Vader felt hopeless and angered at his inability to protect his family and knowing he had no choice but to be loyal to Sidious. The power ring arrived in this time, hypnotizing Vader with greater promises of power beyond the Force. Through the ring, Atrocitus informed Vader of the Red Lanterns and wielding of cosmic energy could do for him. Vader felt he could use this red energy to bring his wife back and destroy Sidious, claiming rights to the Empire and become ultimate leader of the Sith. Upon hearing this, Sidious tried to summon the ring to himself, only to fail and forcefully watch out of curiosity on what would transpire next.

When Vader accepted the ring, he was unable to turn and kill Sidious for he was instantly transported from the operation chamber and sent on Ysmault in the DC Universe. Once on Ysmault, Vader realized the power ring supplies him with the cosmic energy needed to stay alive instead of the suit’s mechanics. Vader could see in the distance that the ring was drawing its power from the Red Lantern Central Power Battery. The red energy nullified any pain Vader felt from his charred external and internal injuries, thus keeping his focus on the dark side at peak levels. Vader’s use of the dark side in unison with the power ring would allow him to create energy constructs nearly indestructible.

Solo: How Is Darth Maul Alive for This Star Wars Movie? | Vanity Fair

The second power ring traveled to the time period after Darth Maul was defeated by Obi Wan Kenobi. From the reactor shaft on Naboo, Maul’s remains became a part of trash collections to be disposed. The pain from the lightsaber strike and defeat by a Jedi is what fueled Maul’s rage and hatred, keeping him alive during his ordeal. Through the Force, Maul could feel an immense power approaching, unfamiliar to anything he felt before using the dark side. As Maul laid in the trash container on the brink of unconsciousness, the red power ring arrives with promise of great power.

Maul accepted the Red Power Ring with no hesitation, for the ring was his guiding light and the thought of ultimate revenge felt so invigorating. Maul then used the power ring to recreate his lower half into an indestructible construct of red light, capable of withstanding all forms of destruction by any weapon. While Maul’s plans were to immediately hunt down and kill Kenobi, the ring beamed Maul from the trash ship to Ysmault, where Vader was waiting for Atrocitus.

Upon arrival, Vader recognized Maul from his assault on Jedi many years ago on Tatooine as he was leaving with them for Jedi training. In the same moment, Maul could sense that Vader was once the child the Jedi was also safeguarding while he trying to intercept Queen Amidala from their guard. Upon this revelation, the Sith ignited their lightsabers for battle only for their rings to halt any strikes made upon one another, then launching them in opposite directions with violent force. Their stalemate was being observed by Atrocitus in distance space from his power ring. Satisfied with the safeguards he placed upon rings of the Sith, Atrocitus sent the last ring to acquire his next prize…

Is it possible that something similar to 'the Force' in Star Wars exists in the real world? - Quora

Darth Malgus has just been defeated on Alderaan by Jedi Satele Shan. Believed to have been destroyed under the rocky rubble, Darth Malgus in fact used the dark side from being crushed thus saving his life. His defeat channeled great rage where the power ring could pinpoint his location. The ring led the Sith master out of the rubble and to his destiny of great power over the Jedi.

Now with the control of the red power ring, Malgus plan was to create duplicate copies of the ring to be used by his forces. With his followers equipped with the red cosmic power, Malgus could defeat the Jedi and bring the Force into total darkness.

As ambitious as Malgus was on his mission, the power ring thwarted Malgus plans by teleporting him from his timeline to the awaiting Sith Lords in the DC Universe. Atrocitus felt Malgus was the strongest of the three and appointed him leader of the Sith Lords. The destructive rage of the three Sith Lords together created a massive flow of red energy that could be felt throughout the cosmos. The fear of the Red Lantern Corps rising power attracted the attention of Sinestro and the Yellow Lantern Corps!

With such fear empowerment, Sinestro believed these Sith warriors would be excellent allies to his Corps instead of the Red Lantern Corps. How would he accomplish this? Could Sinestro convince the Sith Lords to leave Atrocitus without risking a conflict? Or is it possible that Sinestro could get the Sith Lords to join the Yellow Corps while they are still recruited to the Red Lanterns? Time is of the essence as the Blackest Nights draws closer. Sinestro decides to wait patiently and keep close observation of the Sith Lords, awaiting his chance to reign absolute.

With the Sith apart of his Lantern Corps, Atrocitus set his sights on the Marvel Universe next. To his surprise, the universe was filled with potential recruits, one in particular he could feel has immense power: The Dark Phoenix! To be continued….